AC is a wireless protocol that works in the 5 GHZ Freq. For the most part Beam Forming is the biggest take away ---

Here is a snip for a nice write up on Forbes.com

That said my experience testing both standards using (N) and (AC), finds very little difference in signal strength between 802.11ac over 5GHz and 802.11n over 5GHz and 2.4GHz.
Why? Firstly because 2.4GHz is used for everything from cordless home phones to microwaves and 5GHz remains relatively interference free for a cleaner signal.

The second key factor is ‘Beamforming’. Typically wireless signal is simply thrown out from your router equally in all directions, like ripples when throwing a stone into a pond. This is why you should place your router as close to the centre of your home or office and as high up as possible.
Beamforming is different. It is built into the 802.11ac specification and is ‘smart signal’ which detects where connected devices are and increases signal strength specifically in their direction. Yes it is still a good idea to position your router centrally, but it helps make it less vital.

Read the full write up here: http://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2014/12/30/802-11ac-vs-802-11n-wifi-whats-the-difference/#27cabe213785

So this would be the answer to – the difference between the N protocol created in 2007 and the new AC protocol finalized in 2013
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